[哈佛] 从哈佛到中国高校,一场跨越半世纪的"文科裁员潮"
归根结蒂,人文学科教育价值的体现在于为学生建构人类共同善的理念,形成由各种思想碰撞而迸发创造活力的激发机制,以及对美好人生与公正社会的追求,而不是围绕身份政治而形成无休止的话语争锋和观点冲突。在由自媒体主导、信息泥沙俱下和观念混乱的当下,这一点或许尤为重要。大学人文学科批判的对象应该是流俗与虚妄,以此提升学生的智识、精神与思想境界,为学生提供明辨是非与善恶的装备;而不是为流俗所湮没,更不能以内部立场分歧为各种流行谬见与激进观点张目。
回到本文开篇所提及的现象,对于文科本科专业招生比例下降,其实并不需要大惊小怪,值得警惕的是它是否会因此压缩人文学科在大学的存在空间。弱化人文学科,不仅是割裂了大学的精神传统,导致大学文脉断绝与思想活力枯竭,使之完全降格为技能与技艺的培训场,因而丧失其以大学之名而存在的理由;而且,对个体和对社会而言,这更未必是幸事,柏拉图由哲学王统治的理想国是乌托邦,培根由科学主宰一切的新大西岛也未必是人类理想的社会图景。在今天的大学中,或许人文与科学更需要各自保持一份谦逊和礼让,为对方留足余地,在和谐共处与交流合作中,达成培养学生成为有尊严且有谋生能力公民的教育目标。
注释(向上滑动查看)
[1]Goldstein, B. (2021). Decline of the humanities: Where does it STEM from? The Cornell diplomat, 2021-11-24, https://www.thecornelldiplomat.com/issue6/2021/11/24/decline-of-the-humanities.
[2][4][22][29]Sieber, S., & Petit, A. (2017). Introduction: The state of the humanities. Rendezvous Journal of Arts & Letters, 43(1—2), 1—8.
[3][37]Peels, R. (2018). Epistemic values in the humanities and in the sciences. History of Humanities, 3(1), 89—111.
[5][6][7][8]Raffns?e, S. (2024). A history of the humanities in the modern university: A productive crisis. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 36, 48—49, 52—55, 127.
[9]〔美〕欧内斯特·博耶. 大学:美国大学生的就读经验. 徐芃等译. 北京:北京师范大学出版社, 1993: 96.
[10][17][32][42]Chambers, E. (2001). Contemporary themes in humanities higher education. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 3, 3—6, 88, 12—14.
[11]Reitter, P. & Wellmon, C. (2021). Permanent crisis: The humanities in a disenchanted age. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2—3.
[12]Potts, D. B. (2010). Liberal education for a land of colleges: Yales “Reports” of 1828. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 34—37.
[13][27]Ayers, E. L. (2009). Where the humanities live. Daedalus, 138 (1), 24—34.
[14]Costa, R. C. (2019). The place of the humanities in todays knowledge society. Palgrave Communications, 5 (1), 1—5.
[15]Rotaru, D.(2023). Humanities as the fading stars of the 21st century. Journal of Student Research, 12(3), 1—3.
[16]Olmos-Pe?uela, J., Benneworth, P. & Castro-Martinez, E. (2015). Are sciences essential and humanities elective? Disentangling competing claims for humanities research public value. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 14 (1), 61—78.
[18][28][31]Morris, R. C. (2017). Conflicts and crisis in the faculties: The humanities in an age of identity. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 84 (3), 583—615.
[19][30]〔美〕理查德·罗蒂. 筑就我们的国家:20世纪美国左派思想. 黄宗英译. 北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店, 2014: 55—70, 57—59.
[20][23]Christopher, O., & Tollefsen, C. O. (2013). The humanities and American higher education. Philosophical News, 6 (1), 128—140.
[21]〔美〕艾伦·布鲁姆. 美国精神的封闭. 战旭英译. 南京:译林出版社, 2011: 329.
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回到本文开篇所提及的现象,对于文科本科专业招生比例下降,其实并不需要大惊小怪,值得警惕的是它是否会因此压缩人文学科在大学的存在空间。弱化人文学科,不仅是割裂了大学的精神传统,导致大学文脉断绝与思想活力枯竭,使之完全降格为技能与技艺的培训场,因而丧失其以大学之名而存在的理由;而且,对个体和对社会而言,这更未必是幸事,柏拉图由哲学王统治的理想国是乌托邦,培根由科学主宰一切的新大西岛也未必是人类理想的社会图景。在今天的大学中,或许人文与科学更需要各自保持一份谦逊和礼让,为对方留足余地,在和谐共处与交流合作中,达成培养学生成为有尊严且有谋生能力公民的教育目标。
注释(向上滑动查看)
[1]Goldstein, B. (2021). Decline of the humanities: Where does it STEM from? The Cornell diplomat, 2021-11-24, https://www.thecornelldiplomat.com/issue6/2021/11/24/decline-of-the-humanities.
[2][4][22][29]Sieber, S., & Petit, A. (2017). Introduction: The state of the humanities. Rendezvous Journal of Arts & Letters, 43(1—2), 1—8.
[3][37]Peels, R. (2018). Epistemic values in the humanities and in the sciences. History of Humanities, 3(1), 89—111.
[5][6][7][8]Raffns?e, S. (2024). A history of the humanities in the modern university: A productive crisis. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 36, 48—49, 52—55, 127.
[9]〔美〕欧内斯特·博耶. 大学:美国大学生的就读经验. 徐芃等译. 北京:北京师范大学出版社, 1993: 96.
[10][17][32][42]Chambers, E. (2001). Contemporary themes in humanities higher education. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 3, 3—6, 88, 12—14.
[11]Reitter, P. & Wellmon, C. (2021). Permanent crisis: The humanities in a disenchanted age. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2—3.
[12]Potts, D. B. (2010). Liberal education for a land of colleges: Yales “Reports” of 1828. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 34—37.
[13][27]Ayers, E. L. (2009). Where the humanities live. Daedalus, 138 (1), 24—34.
[14]Costa, R. C. (2019). The place of the humanities in todays knowledge society. Palgrave Communications, 5 (1), 1—5.
[15]Rotaru, D.(2023). Humanities as the fading stars of the 21st century. Journal of Student Research, 12(3), 1—3.
[16]Olmos-Pe?uela, J., Benneworth, P. & Castro-Martinez, E. (2015). Are sciences essential and humanities elective? Disentangling competing claims for humanities research public value. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 14 (1), 61—78.
[18][28][31]Morris, R. C. (2017). Conflicts and crisis in the faculties: The humanities in an age of identity. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 84 (3), 583—615.
[19][30]〔美〕理查德·罗蒂. 筑就我们的国家:20世纪美国左派思想. 黄宗英译. 北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店, 2014: 55—70, 57—59.
[20][23]Christopher, O., & Tollefsen, C. O. (2013). The humanities and American higher education. Philosophical News, 6 (1), 128—140.
[21]〔美〕艾伦·布鲁姆. 美国精神的封闭. 战旭英译. 南京:译林出版社, 2011: 329.
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