[哈佛] 從哈佛到中國高校,壹場跨越半世紀的"文科裁員潮"
歸根結蒂,人文學科教育價值的體現在於為學生建構人類共同善的理念,形成由各種思想碰撞而迸發創造活力的激發機制,以及對美好人生與公正社會的追求,而不是圍繞身份政治而形成無休止的話語爭鋒和觀點沖突。在由自媒體主導、信息泥沙俱下和觀念混亂的當下,這壹點或許尤為重要。大學人文學科批判的對象應該是流俗與虛妄,以此提升學生的智識、精神與思想境界,為學生提供明辨是非與善惡的裝備;而不是為流俗所湮沒,更不能以內部立場分歧為各種流行謬見與激進觀點張目。
回到本文開篇所提及的現象,對於文科本科專業招生比例下降,其實並不需要大驚小怪,值得警惕的是它是否會因此壓縮人文學科在大學的存在空間。弱化人文學科,不僅是割裂了大學的精神傳統,導致大學文脈斷絕與思想活力枯竭,使之完全降格為技能與技藝的培訓場,因而喪失其以大學之名而存在的理由;而且,對個體和對社會而言,這更未必是幸事,柏拉圖由哲學王統治的理想國是烏托邦,培根由科學主宰壹切的新大西島也未必是人類理想的社會圖景。在今天的大學中,或許人文與科學更需要各自保持壹份謙遜和禮讓,為對方留足余地,在和諧共處與交流合作中,達成培養學生成為有尊嚴且有謀生能力公民的教育目標。
注釋(向上滑動查看)
[1]Goldstein, B. (2021). Decline of the humanities: Where does it STEM from? The Cornell diplomat, 2021-11-24, https://www.thecornelldiplomat.com/issue6/2021/11/24/decline-of-the-humanities.
[2][4][22][29]Sieber, S., & Petit, A. (2017). Introduction: The state of the humanities. Rendezvous Journal of Arts & Letters, 43(1—2), 1—8.
[3][37]Peels, R. (2018). Epistemic values in the humanities and in the sciences. History of Humanities, 3(1), 89—111.
[5][6][7][8]Raffns?e, S. (2024). A history of the humanities in the modern university: A productive crisis. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 36, 48—49, 52—55, 127.
[9]〔美〕歐內斯特·博耶. 大學:美國大學生的就讀經驗. 徐芃等譯. 北京:北京師范大學出版社, 1993: 96.
[10][17][32][42]Chambers, E. (2001). Contemporary themes in humanities higher education. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 3, 3—6, 88, 12—14.
[11]Reitter, P. & Wellmon, C. (2021). Permanent crisis: The humanities in a disenchanted age. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2—3.
[12]Potts, D. B. (2010). Liberal education for a land of colleges: Yales “Reports” of 1828. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 34—37.
[13][27]Ayers, E. L. (2009). Where the humanities live. Daedalus, 138 (1), 24—34.
[14]Costa, R. C. (2019). The place of the humanities in todays knowledge society. Palgrave Communications, 5 (1), 1—5.
[15]Rotaru, D.(2023). Humanities as the fading stars of the 21st century. Journal of Student Research, 12(3), 1—3.
[16]Olmos-Pe?uela, J., Benneworth, P. & Castro-Martinez, E. (2015). Are sciences essential and humanities elective? Disentangling competing claims for humanities research public value. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 14 (1), 61—78.
[18][28][31]Morris, R. C. (2017). Conflicts and crisis in the faculties: The humanities in an age of identity. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 84 (3), 583—615.
[19][30]〔美〕理查德·羅蒂. 築就我們的國家:20世紀美國左派思想. 黃宗英譯. 北京:生活·讀書·新知叁聯書店, 2014: 55—70, 57—59.
[20][23]Christopher, O., & Tollefsen, C. O. (2013). The humanities and American higher education. Philosophical News, 6 (1), 128—140.
[21]〔美〕艾倫·布魯姆. 美國精神的封閉. 戰旭英譯. 南京:譯林出版社, 2011: 329.
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回到本文開篇所提及的現象,對於文科本科專業招生比例下降,其實並不需要大驚小怪,值得警惕的是它是否會因此壓縮人文學科在大學的存在空間。弱化人文學科,不僅是割裂了大學的精神傳統,導致大學文脈斷絕與思想活力枯竭,使之完全降格為技能與技藝的培訓場,因而喪失其以大學之名而存在的理由;而且,對個體和對社會而言,這更未必是幸事,柏拉圖由哲學王統治的理想國是烏托邦,培根由科學主宰壹切的新大西島也未必是人類理想的社會圖景。在今天的大學中,或許人文與科學更需要各自保持壹份謙遜和禮讓,為對方留足余地,在和諧共處與交流合作中,達成培養學生成為有尊嚴且有謀生能力公民的教育目標。
注釋(向上滑動查看)
[1]Goldstein, B. (2021). Decline of the humanities: Where does it STEM from? The Cornell diplomat, 2021-11-24, https://www.thecornelldiplomat.com/issue6/2021/11/24/decline-of-the-humanities.
[2][4][22][29]Sieber, S., & Petit, A. (2017). Introduction: The state of the humanities. Rendezvous Journal of Arts & Letters, 43(1—2), 1—8.
[3][37]Peels, R. (2018). Epistemic values in the humanities and in the sciences. History of Humanities, 3(1), 89—111.
[5][6][7][8]Raffns?e, S. (2024). A history of the humanities in the modern university: A productive crisis. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 36, 48—49, 52—55, 127.
[9]〔美〕歐內斯特·博耶. 大學:美國大學生的就讀經驗. 徐芃等譯. 北京:北京師范大學出版社, 1993: 96.
[10][17][32][42]Chambers, E. (2001). Contemporary themes in humanities higher education. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 3, 3—6, 88, 12—14.
[11]Reitter, P. & Wellmon, C. (2021). Permanent crisis: The humanities in a disenchanted age. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2—3.
[12]Potts, D. B. (2010). Liberal education for a land of colleges: Yales “Reports” of 1828. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 34—37.
[13][27]Ayers, E. L. (2009). Where the humanities live. Daedalus, 138 (1), 24—34.
[14]Costa, R. C. (2019). The place of the humanities in todays knowledge society. Palgrave Communications, 5 (1), 1—5.
[15]Rotaru, D.(2023). Humanities as the fading stars of the 21st century. Journal of Student Research, 12(3), 1—3.
[16]Olmos-Pe?uela, J., Benneworth, P. & Castro-Martinez, E. (2015). Are sciences essential and humanities elective? Disentangling competing claims for humanities research public value. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 14 (1), 61—78.
[18][28][31]Morris, R. C. (2017). Conflicts and crisis in the faculties: The humanities in an age of identity. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 84 (3), 583—615.
[19][30]〔美〕理查德·羅蒂. 築就我們的國家:20世紀美國左派思想. 黃宗英譯. 北京:生活·讀書·新知叁聯書店, 2014: 55—70, 57—59.
[20][23]Christopher, O., & Tollefsen, C. O. (2013). The humanities and American higher education. Philosophical News, 6 (1), 128—140.
[21]〔美〕艾倫·布魯姆. 美國精神的封閉. 戰旭英譯. 南京:譯林出版社, 2011: 329.
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