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"叁體"照進現實,科學家首次喚醒冷凍的"大腦"
"叁體"照進現實,科學家首次喚醒冷凍的"大腦""叁體"照進現實,科學家首次喚醒冷凍的"大腦"
目前，這項研究仍處於早期階段，未來要進入更深入的探索階段，需要建立更長期和更完整的體系，以進壹步解決研究的局限性。但該技術依然具有多維度的意義，它首次證實成年哺乳動物的大腦組織可以在深低溫玻璃態下保存，並在復蘇後恢復核心功能，這本身就大幅提升了人類對大腦低溫耐受極限的認知。對基礎神經科學而言，過去研究人員需要使用新鮮的大腦切片，通常實驗做完後就扔掉，並且不同時間、不同團隊的實驗結果難以直接進行比較。現在，若新方法得以應用，可保存同壹批腦組織，並在需要時進行重新“復活”。這不僅有利於大幅度提升實驗的可靠性和再現性，同時也能減少實驗動物的使用。
更長遠地來看，該研究還為藥物研發、更復雜器官的保存以及神經疾病研究提供了壹種新的路徑。最直接的應用場景是器官保存。目前全球每年有數以萬計的患者因等不到匹配器官而死亡，核心瓶頸之壹就是捐獻器官的保存窗口極短，心髒通常只有4到6小時，腎髒也不超過36小時，稍有延誤就面臨功能損傷。如果玻璃化冷凍技術能成功應用於完整器官，將從根本上打破時間與距離的限制，使器官在全球范圍內調配成為可能。此外，在某些復雜手術中，需要短暫阻斷腦部供血，這段時間內大腦極易因缺血缺氧受到不可逆損傷。玻璃化冷凍保護技術若能在臨床中實現，將為外科醫生贏得寶貴的操作窗口，同時把大腦損傷風險壓到最低。
參考文獻
[1] German A, Akda? EY, Flügel-Koch C, et al. Functional recovery of the adult murine hippocampus after cryopreservation by vitrification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026 Mar 10;123(10):e2516848123.
[2] Luyet, B.J. and Hodapp, E.L.Revival of Frog’s Spermatozoa Vitrified in Liquid Air. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1938;39:433-434.
[3] Luyet, B.J. Life and Death at Low Temperatures. Normandy, Missouri: Biodynamica; 1940.
[4] PolgeC, Smith AU, Parkes AS. Revival of spermatozoa after vitrification and dehydration at low temperatures. Nature. 1949 Oct 15;164(4172):666.
[5] Fahy GM, MacFarlane DR, Angell CA, Meryman HT. Vitrification as an approach to cryopreservation. Cryobiology. 1984;21(4):407-426.
[6] Kheirabadi BS, Fahy GM. Permanent life support by kidneys perfused with a vitrifiable (7.5 molar) cryoprotectant solution. Transplantation. 2000 Jul 15;70(1):51-7.
[7] Fahy GM, Wowk B, Pagotan R, Chang A, Phan J, Thomson B, Phan L. Physical and biological aspects of renal vitrification. Organogenesis. 2009 Jul;5(3):167-75.
[8] McIntyre RL, Fahy GM. Aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation. Cryobiology. 2015 Dec;71(3):448-58.
[9] Manuchehrabadi N, Gao Z, Zhang J, et al. Improved tissue cryopreservation using inductive heating of magnetic nanoparticles. Sci Transl Med. 2017 Mar 1;9(379):eaah4586.
[10] Han Z, Rao JS, Gangwar L, et al.Vitrification and nanowarming enable long-term organ cryopreservation and life-sustaining kidney transplantation in a rat model. Nat Commun. 2023 Jun 9;14(1):3407.
[11] Ramesh S, Rao JS, Namsrai BE, et al. Vitrification and rapid rewarming of precision-cut liver slices for pharmacological and biomedical research. Bioeng Transl Med. 2025 Jul 17;11(1):e70045.
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更長遠地來看，該研究還為藥物研發、更復雜器官的保存以及神經疾病研究提供了壹種新的路徑。最直接的應用場景是器官保存。目前全球每年有數以萬計的患者因等不到匹配器官而死亡，核心瓶頸之壹就是捐獻器官的保存窗口極短，心髒通常只有4到6小時，腎髒也不超過36小時，稍有延誤就面臨功能損傷。如果玻璃化冷凍技術能成功應用於完整器官，將從根本上打破時間與距離的限制，使器官在全球范圍內調配成為可能。此外，在某些復雜手術中，需要短暫阻斷腦部供血，這段時間內大腦極易因缺血缺氧受到不可逆損傷。玻璃化冷凍保護技術若能在臨床中實現，將為外科醫生贏得寶貴的操作窗口，同時把大腦損傷風險壓到最低。
參考文獻
[1] German A, Akda? EY, Flügel-Koch C, et al. Functional recovery of the adult murine hippocampus after cryopreservation by vitrification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026 Mar 10;123(10):e2516848123.
[2] Luyet, B.J. and Hodapp, E.L.Revival of Frog’s Spermatozoa Vitrified in Liquid Air. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1938;39:433-434.
[3] Luyet, B.J. Life and Death at Low Temperatures. Normandy, Missouri: Biodynamica; 1940.
[4] PolgeC, Smith AU, Parkes AS. Revival of spermatozoa after vitrification and dehydration at low temperatures. Nature. 1949 Oct 15;164(4172):666.
[5] Fahy GM, MacFarlane DR, Angell CA, Meryman HT. Vitrification as an approach to cryopreservation. Cryobiology. 1984;21(4):407-426.
[6] Kheirabadi BS, Fahy GM. Permanent life support by kidneys perfused with a vitrifiable (7.5 molar) cryoprotectant solution. Transplantation. 2000 Jul 15;70(1):51-7.
[7] Fahy GM, Wowk B, Pagotan R, Chang A, Phan J, Thomson B, Phan L. Physical and biological aspects of renal vitrification. Organogenesis. 2009 Jul;5(3):167-75.
[8] McIntyre RL, Fahy GM. Aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation. Cryobiology. 2015 Dec;71(3):448-58.
[9] Manuchehrabadi N, Gao Z, Zhang J, et al. Improved tissue cryopreservation using inductive heating of magnetic nanoparticles. Sci Transl Med. 2017 Mar 1;9(379):eaah4586.
[10] Han Z, Rao JS, Gangwar L, et al.Vitrification and nanowarming enable long-term organ cryopreservation and life-sustaining kidney transplantation in a rat model. Nat Commun. 2023 Jun 9;14(1):3407.
[11] Ramesh S, Rao JS, Namsrai BE, et al. Vitrification and rapid rewarming of precision-cut liver slices for pharmacological and biomedical research. Bioeng Transl Med. 2025 Jul 17;11(1):e70045.
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